MusicXML 2.0 Note DTD Module
<!--
MusicXML™ note.mod module
Version 2.0 - 18 June 2007
Copyright © 2004-2007 Recordare LLC.
http://www.recordare.com/
This MusicXML™ work is being provided by the copyright
holder under the MusicXML Document Type Definition
Public License Version 2.0, available from:
http://www.recordare.com/dtds/license.html
-->
<!--
The note DTD module contains the note representations for
the MusicXML format. It contains the note element, all its
children elements, and related entities.
-->
<!-- Entities -->
<!-- Structures -->
<!--
The common note elements between cue/grace notes and
regular (full) notes: pitch, chord, and rest information,
but not duration (cue and grace notes do not have
duration encoded here). Unpitched elements are used for
unpitched percussion, speaking voice, and other musical
elements lacking determinate pitch.
-->
<!ENTITY % full-note "(chord?, (pitch | unpitched | rest))">
<!-- Elements -->
<!--
Notes are the most common type of MusicXML data. The
MusicXML format keeps the MuseData distinction between
elements used for sound information and elements used for
notation information (e.g., tie is used for sound, tied for
notation). Thus grace notes do not have a duration element.
Cue notes have a duration element, as do forward elements,
but no tie elements. Having these two types of information
available can make interchange considerably easier, as
some programs handle one type of information much more
readily than the other.
-->
<!ELEMENT note
(((grace, %full-note;, (tie, tie?)?) |
(cue, %full-note;, duration) |
(%full-note;, duration, (tie, tie?)?)),
instrument?, %editorial-voice;, type?, dot*,
accidental?, time-modification?, stem?, notehead?,
staff?, beam*, notations*, lyric*)>
<!--
The position and printout entities for printing suggestions
are defined in the common.mod file.
The dynamics and end-dynamics attributes correspond to
MIDI 1.0's Note On and Note Off velocities, respectively.
They are expressed in terms of percentages of the default
forte value (90 for MIDI 1.0). The attack and release
attributes are used to alter the staring and stopping time
of the note from when it would otherwise occur based on
the flow of durations - information that is specific to a
performance. They are expressed in terms of divisions,
either positive or negative. A note that starts a tie should
not have a release attribute, and a note that stops a tie
should not have an attack attribute. If a note is played
only one time through a repeat, the time-only attribute
shows which time to play the note. The pizzicato attribute
is used when just this note is sounded pizzicato, vs. the
pizzicato element which changes overall playback between
pizzicato and arco.
-->
<!ATTLIST note
%print-style;
%printout;
dynamics CDATA #IMPLIED
end-dynamics CDATA #IMPLIED
attack CDATA #IMPLIED
release CDATA #IMPLIED
time-only CDATA #IMPLIED
pizzicato %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
Pitch is represented as a combination of the step of the
diatonic scale, the chromatic alteration, and the octave.
The step element uses the English letters A through G.
The alter element represents chromatic alteration in
number of semitones (e.g., -1 for flat, 1 for sharp).
Decimal values like 0.5 (quarter tone sharp) may be
used for microtones. The octave element is represented
by the numbers 0 to 9, where 4 indicates the octave
started by middle C.
-->
<!ELEMENT pitch (step, alter?, octave)>
<!ELEMENT step (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT alter (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT octave (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The cue and grace elements indicate the presence of
cue and grace notes. The slash attribute for a grace
note is yes for slashed eighth notes. The other grace
note attributes come from MuseData sound suggestions.
Steal-time-previous indicates the percentage of time
to steal from the previous note for the grace note.
Steal-time-following indicates the percentage of time
to steal from the following note for the grace note.
Make-time indicates to make time, not steal time; the
units are in real-time divisions for the grace note.
-->
<!ELEMENT cue EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT grace EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST grace
steal-time-previous CDATA #IMPLIED
steal-time-following CDATA #IMPLIED
make-time CDATA #IMPLIED
slash %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
The chord element indicates that this note is an additional
chord tone with the preceding note. The duration of this
note can be no longer than the preceding note. In MuseData,
a missing duration indicates the same length as the previous
note, but the MusicXML format requires a duration for chord
notes too.
-->
<!ELEMENT chord EMPTY>
<!--
The unpitched element indicates musical elements that are
notated on the staff but lack definite pitch, such as
unpitched percussion and speaking voice. Like notes, it
uses step and octave elements to indicate placement on the
staff, following the current clef. If percussion clef is
used, the display-step and display-octave elements are
interpreted as if in treble clef, with a G in octave 4 on
line 2. If not present, the note is placed on the middle
line of the staff, generally used for one-line staffs.
-->
<!ELEMENT unpitched ((display-step, display-octave)?)>
<!ELEMENT display-step (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT display-octave (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The rest element indicates notated rests or silences.
Rest are usually empty, but placement on the staff can
be specified using display-step and display-octave
elements.
-->
<!ELEMENT rest ((display-step, display-octave)?)>
<!--
Duration is a positive number specified in division units.
This is the intended duration vs. notated duration (for
instance, swing eighths vs. even eighths, or differences
in dotted notes in Baroque-era music). Differences in
duration specific to an interpretation or performance
should use the note element's attack and release
attributes.
The tie element indicates that a tie begins or ends with
this note. The tie element indicates sound; the tied
element indicates notation.
-->
<!ELEMENT duration (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT tie EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tie
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
>
<!--
If multiple score-instruments are specified on a
score-part, there should be an instrument element for
each note in the part. The id attribute is an IDREF back
to the score-instrument ID.
-->
<!ELEMENT instrument EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST instrument
id IDREF #REQUIRED
>
<!--
Type indicates the graphic note type, Valid values (from
shortest to longest) are 256th, 128th, 64th, 32nd, 16th,
eighth, quarter, half, whole, breve, and long. The size
attribute indicates full, cue, or large size, with full
the default for regular notes and cue the default for
cue and grace notes.
-->
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST type
size %symbol-size; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
One dot element is used for each dot of prolongation.
The placement element is used to specify whether the
dot should appear above or below the staff line. It is
ignored for notes that appear on a staff space.
-->
<!ELEMENT dot EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST dot
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Actual notated accidentals. Valid values include: sharp,
natural, flat, double-sharp, sharp-sharp, flat-flat,
natural-sharp, natural-flat, quarter-flat, quarter-sharp,
three-quarters-flat, and three-quarters-sharp. Editorial
and cautionary indications are indicated by attributes.
Values for these attributes are "no" if not present.
Specific graphic display such as parentheses, brackets,
and size are controlled by the level-display entity
defined in the common.mod file.
-->
<!ELEMENT accidental (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST accidental
cautionary %yes-no; #IMPLIED
editorial %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%level-display;
%print-style;
>
<!--
Time modification indicates tuplets and other durational
changes. The child elements are defined in the common.mod
file.
-->
<!ELEMENT time-modification
(actual-notes, normal-notes, (normal-type, normal-dot*)?)>
<!--
Stems can be down, up, none, or double. For down and up
stems, the position attributes can be used to specify
stem length. The relative values specify the end of the
stem relative to the program default. Default values
specify an absolute end stem position. Negative values of
relative-y that would flip a stem instead of shortening
it are ignored.
-->
<!ELEMENT stem (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST stem
%position;
%color;
>
<!--
The notehead element indicates shapes other than the open
and closed ovals associated with note durations. The element
value can be slash, triangle, diamond, square, cross, x,
circle-x, inverted triangle, arrow down, arrow up, slashed,
back slashed, normal, cluster, or none. For shape note
music, the element values do, re, mi, fa, so, la, and ti
are used, corresponding to Aikin's 7-shape system.
The arrow shapes differ from triangle and inverted triangle
by being centered on the stem. Slashed and back slashed
notes include both the normal notehead and a slash. The
triangle shape has the tip of the triangle pointing up;
the inverted triangle shape has the tip of the triangle
pointing down.
For the enclosed shapes, the default is to be hollow for
half notes and longer, and filled otherwise. The filled
attribute can be set to change this if needed.
If the parentheses attribute is set to yes, the notehead
is parenthesized. It is no by default.
-->
<!ELEMENT notehead (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST notehead
filled %yes-no; #IMPLIED
parentheses %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%font;
%color;
>
<!--
Beam types include begin, continue, end, forward hook,
and backward hook. In MuseData, up to six concurrent
beams are available to cover up to 256th notes. This
seems sufficient so we use an enumerated type defined
in the common.mod file. The repeater attribute, used for
tremolos, needs to be specified with a "yes" value for each
beam using it. Beams that have a begin value can also have
a fan attribute to indicate accelerandos and ritardandos
using fanned beams. The fan attribute may also be used
with a continue value if the fanning direction changes
on that note. The value is "none" if not specified.
Note that the beam number does not distinguish sets of
beams that overlap, as it does for slur and other elements.
Beaming groups are distinguished by being in different
voices and/or the presence or absence of grace and cue
elements.
-->
<!ELEMENT beam (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST beam
number %beam-level; "1"
repeater %yes-no; #IMPLIED
fan (accel | rit | none) #IMPLIED
%color;
>
<!--
Notations are musical notations, not XML notations.
Multiple notations are allowed in order to represent
multiple editorial levels. The set of notations will be
refined and expanded over time, especially to handle
more instrument-specific technical notations.
-->
<!ELEMENT notations
(%editorial;,
(tied | slur | tuplet | glissando | slide |
ornaments | technical | articulations | dynamics |
fermata | arpeggiate | non-arpeggiate |
accidental-mark | other-notation)*)>
<!ELEMENT tied EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tied
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
%line-type;
%position;
%placement;
%orientation;
%bezier;
%color;
>
<!--
Slur elements are empty. Most slurs are represented with
two elements: one with a start type, and one with a stop
type. Slurs can add more elements using a continue type.
This is typically used to specify the formatting of cross-
system slurs, or to specify the shape of very complex slurs.
-->
<!ELEMENT slur EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST slur
type %start-stop-continue; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%line-type;
%position;
%placement;
%orientation;
%bezier;
%color;
>
<!--
A tuplet element is present when a tuplet is to be displayed
graphically, in addition to the sound data provided by the
time-modification elements. The number attribute is used to
distinguish nested tuplets. The bracket attribute is used
to indicate the presence of a bracket. If unspecified, the
results are implementation-dependent. The line-shape
attribute is used to specify whether the bracket is straight
or in the older curved or slurred style. It is straight by
default.
Whereas a time-modification element shows how the
cumulative, sounding effect of tuplets compare to the
written note type, the tuplet element describes how this
is displayed. The tuplet-actual and tuplet-normal elements
provide optional full control over tuplet specifications.
Each allows the number and note type (including dots)
describing a single tuplet. If any of these elements are
absent, their values are based on the time-modification
element.
The show-number attribute is used to display either the
number of actual notes, the number of both actual and
normal notes, or neither. It is actual by default. The
show-type attribute is used to display either the actual
type, both the actual and normal types, or neither. It is
none by default.
-->
<!ELEMENT tuplet (tuplet-actual?, tuplet-normal?)>
<!ATTLIST tuplet
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
bracket %yes-no; #IMPLIED
show-number (actual | both | none) #IMPLIED
show-type (actual | both | none) #IMPLIED
%line-shape;
%position;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-actual (tuplet-number?,
tuplet-type?, tuplet-dot*)>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-normal (tuplet-number?,
tuplet-type?, tuplet-dot*)>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-number (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tuplet-number
%font;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-type (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tuplet-type
%font;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-dot EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tuplet-dot
%font;
%color;
>
<!--
Glissando and slide elements both indicate rapidly moving
from one pitch to the other so that individual notes are not
discerned. The distinction is similar to that between NIFF's
glissando and portamento elements. A glissando sounds the
half notes in between the slide and defaults to a wavy line.
A slide is continuous between two notes and defaults to a
solid line. The optional text for a glissando or slide is
printed alongside the line.
-->
<!ELEMENT glissando (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST glissando
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%line-type;
%print-style;
>
<!ELEMENT slide (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST slide
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%line-type;
%print-style;
%bend-sound;
>
<!--
The other-notation element is used to define any notations
not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows extended
representation, though without application interoperability.
It handles notations where more specific extension elements
such as other-dynamics and other-technical are not
appropriate.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-notation (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-notation
type %start-stop-single; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%print-object;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Ornaments can be any of several types, followed optionally
by accidentals. The accidental-mark element's content is
represented the same as an accidental element, but with a
different name to reflect the different musical meaning.
-->
<!ELEMENT ornaments
(((trill-mark | turn | delayed-turn | inverted-turn |
shake | wavy-line | mordent | inverted-mordent |
schleifer | tremolo | other-ornament),
accidental-mark*)*)>
<!ELEMENT trill-mark EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST trill-mark
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!--
The turn and delayed-turn elements are the normal turn
shape which goes up then down. The delayed-turn element
indicates a turn that is delayed until the end of the
current note. The inverted-turn element has the shape
which goes down and then up.
-->
<!ELEMENT turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT delayed-turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST delayed-turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT inverted-turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST inverted-turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT shake EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST shake
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!--
The wavy-line element is defined in the common.mod file,
as it applies to more than just note elements.
-->
<!--
The long attribute for the mordent and inverted-mordent
elements is "no" by default. The mordent element represents
the sign with the vertical line; the inverted-mordent
element represents the sign without the vertical line.
-->
<!ELEMENT mordent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST mordent
long %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT inverted-mordent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST inverted-mordent
long %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!--
The name for this ornament is based on the German,
to avoid confusion with the more common slide element
defined earlier.
-->
<!ELEMENT schleifer EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST schleifer
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
While using repeater beams is the preferred method for
indicating tremolos, often playback and display are not
well-enough integrated in an application to make that
feasible. The tremolo ornament can be used to indicate
either single-note or double-note tremolos. Single-note
tremolos use the single type, while double-note tremolos
use the start and stop types. The default is "single" for
compatibility with Version 1.1. The text of the element
indicates the number of tremolo marks and is an integer
from 0 to 6. Note that the number of attached beams is
not included in this value, but is represented separately
using the beam element.
-->
<!ELEMENT tremolo (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tremolo
type %start-stop-single; "single"
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The other-ornament element is used to define any ornaments
not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows extended
representation, though without application interoperability.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-ornament (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-ornament
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
An accidental-mark can be used as a separate notation or
as part of an ornament. When used in an ornament, position
and placement are relative to the ornament, not relative to
the note.
-->
<!ELEMENT accidental-mark (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST accidental-mark
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Technical indications give performance information for
individual instruments.
-->
<!ELEMENT technical
((up-bow | down-bow | harmonic | open-string |
thumb-position | fingering | pluck | double-tongue |
triple-tongue | stopped | snap-pizzicato | fret |
string | hammer-on | pull-off | bend | tap | heel |
toe | fingernails | other-technical)*)>
<!--
The up-bow and down-bow elements represent the symbol
that is used both for bowing indications on bowed
instruments, and up-stroke / down-stoke indications
on plucked instruments.
-->
<!ELEMENT up-bow EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST up-bow
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT down-bow EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST down-bow
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The harmonic element indicates natural and artificial
harmonics. Natural harmonics usually notate the base
pitch rather than the sounding pitch. Allowing the type
of pitch to be specified, combined with controls for
appearance/playback differences, allows both the notation
and the sound to be represented. Artificial harmonics can
add a notated touching-pitch; the pitch or fret at which
the string is touched lightly to produce the harmonic.
Artificial pinch harmonics will usually not notate a
touching pitch. The attributes for the harmonic element
refer to the use of the circular harmonic symbol, typically
but not always used with natural harmonics.
-->
<!ELEMENT harmonic
((natural | artificial)?,
(base-pitch | touching-pitch | sounding-pitch)?)>
<!ATTLIST harmonic
%print-object;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT natural EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT artificial EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT base-pitch EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT touching-pitch EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT sounding-pitch EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT open-string EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST open-string
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT thumb-position EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST thumb-position
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The pluck element is used to specify the plucking fingering
on a fretted instrument, where the fingering element refers
to the fretting fingering. Typical values are p, i, m, a for
pulgar/thumb, indicio/index, medio/middle, and anular/ring
fingers.
-->
<!ELEMENT pluck (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST pluck
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT double-tongue EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST double-tongue
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT triple-tongue EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST triple-tongue
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT stopped EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST stopped
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT snap-pizzicato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST snap-pizzicato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The hammer-on and pull-off elements are used in guitar
and fretted instrument notation. Since a single slur
can be marked over many notes, the hammer-on and pull-off
elements are separate so the individual pair of notes can
be specified. The element content can be used to specify
how the hammer-on or pull-off should be notated. An empty
element leaves this choice up to the application.
-->
<!ELEMENT hammer-on (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST hammer-on
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT pull-off (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST pull-off
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The bend element is used in guitar and tablature. The
bend-alter element indicates the number of steps in the
bend, similar to the alter element. As with the alter
element, numbers like 0.5 can be used to indicate
microtones. Negative numbers indicate pre-bends or
releases; the pre-bend and release elements are used
to distinguish what is intended. A with-bar element
indicates that the bend is to be done at the bridge
with a whammy or vibrato bar. The content of the
element indicates how this should be notated.
-->
<!ELEMENT bend
(bend-alter, (pre-bend | release)?, with-bar?)>
<!ATTLIST bend
%print-style;
%bend-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT bend-alter (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT pre-bend EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT release EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT with-bar (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST with-bar
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The tap element indicates a tap on the fretboard. The
element content allows specification of the notation;
+ and T are common choices. If empty, the display is
application-specific.
-->
<!ELEMENT tap (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tap
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The heel and toe element are used with organ pedals. The
substitution value is "no" if the attribute is not present.
-->
<!ELEMENT heel EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST heel
substitution %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT toe EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST toe
substitution %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The fingernails element is used in harp notation.
-->
<!ELEMENT fingernails EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST fingernails
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The other-technical element is used to define any technical
indications not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows
extended representation, though without application
interoperability.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-technical (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-technical
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Articulations and accents are grouped together here.
-->
<!ELEMENT articulations
((accent | strong-accent | staccato | tenuto |
detached-legato | staccatissimo | spiccato |
scoop | plop | doit | falloff | breath-mark |
caesura | stress | unstress | other-articulation)*)>
<!ELEMENT accent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST accent
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT strong-accent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST strong-accent
%print-style;
%placement;
type %up-down; "up"
>
<!--
The staccato element is used for a dot articulation, as
opposed to a stroke or a wedge.
-->
<!ELEMENT staccato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST staccato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT tenuto EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tenuto
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT detached-legato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST detached-legato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The staccatissimo element is used for a wedge articulation,
as opposed to a dot or a stroke.
-->
<!ELEMENT staccatissimo EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST staccatissimo
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The spiccato element is used for a stroke articulation, as
opposed to a dot or a wedge.
-->
<!ELEMENT spiccato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST spiccato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The scoop, plop, doit, and falloff elements are
indeterminate slides attached to a single note.
Scoops and plops come before the main note, coming
from below and above the pitch, respectively. Doits
and falloffs come after the main note, going above
and below the pitch, respectively.
-->
<!ELEMENT scoop EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST scoop
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT plop EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST plop
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT doit EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST doit
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT falloff EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST falloff
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT breath-mark EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST breath-mark
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT caesura EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST caesura
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT stress EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST stress
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT unstress EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST unstress
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The other-articulation element is used to define any
articulations not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows
extended representation, though without application
interoperability.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-articulation (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-articulation
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The dynamics and fermata elements are defined in the
common.mod file as they apply to more than just note
elements.
-->
<!--
The arpeggiate element indicates that this note is part of
an arpeggiated chord. The number attribute can be used to
distinguish between two simultaneous chords arpeggiated
separately (different numbers) or together (same number).
The up-down attribute is used if there is an arrow on the
arpeggio sign. By default, arpeggios go from the lowest to
highest note.
-->
<!ELEMENT arpeggiate EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST arpeggiate
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
direction %up-down; #IMPLIED
%position;
%placement;
%color;
>
<!--
The non-arpeggiate element indicates that this note is at
the top or bottom of a bracket indicating to not arpeggiate
these notes. Since this does not involve playback, it is
only used on the top or bottom notes, not on each note
as for the arpeggiate element.
-->
<!ELEMENT non-arpeggiate EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST non-arpeggiate
type %top-bottom; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
%position;
%placement;
%color;
>
<!--
Text underlays for lyrics, based on Humdrum with support
for other formats. The lyric number indicates multiple
lines, though a name can be used as well (as in Finale's
verse/chorus/section specification). Word extensions are
represented using the extend element. Hyphenation is
indicated by the syllabic element, which can be single,
begin, end, or middle. These represent single-syllable
words, word-beginning syllables, word-ending syllables,
and mid-word syllables. Multiple syllables on a single
note are separated by elision elements. A hyphen in the
text element should only be used for an actual hyphenated
word. Two text elements that are not separated by an
elision element are part of the same syllable, but may have
different text formatting.
Humming and laughing representations are taken from
Humdrum. The end-line and end-paragraph elements come
from RP-017 for Standard MIDI File Lyric meta-events;
they help facilitate lyric display for Karaoke and
similar applications. Language names for text elements
come from ISO 639, with optional country subcodes from
ISO 3166. Justification is center by default; placement is
below by default.
-->
<!ELEMENT lyric
((((syllabic?, text),
(elision?, syllabic?, text)*, extend?) |
extend | laughing | humming),
end-line?, end-paragraph?, %editorial;)>
<!ATTLIST lyric
number NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
name CDATA #IMPLIED
%justify;
%position;
%placement;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT text (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST text
%font;
%color;
%text-decoration;
%text-rotation;
%letter-spacing;
xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
%text-direction;
>
<!ELEMENT syllabic (#PCDATA)>
<!--
In Version 2.0, the elision element text is used to specify
the symbol used to display the elision. Common values
are a no-break space (Unicode 00A0), an underscore
(Unicode 005F), or an undertie (Unicode 203F).
-->
<!ELEMENT elision (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST elision
%font;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT extend EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST extend
%font;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT laughing EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT humming EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT end-line EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT end-paragraph EMPTY>
<!--
Figured bass elements take their position from the first
regular note that follows. Figures are ordered from top to
bottom. A figure-number is a number. Values for prefix and
suffix include the accidental values sharp, flat, natural,
double-sharp, flat-flat, and sharp-sharp. Suffixes include
both symbols that come after the figure number and those
that overstrike the figure number. The suffix value slash
is used for slashed numbers indicating chromatic alteration.
The orientation and display of the slash usually depends on
the figure number. The prefix and suffix elements may
contain additional values for symbols specific to particular
figured bass styles. The value of parentheses is "no" if not
present.
-->
<!ELEMENT figured-bass (figure+, duration?, %editorial;)>
<!ATTLIST figured-bass
%print-style;
%printout;
parentheses %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT figure (prefix?, figure-number?, suffix?, extend?)>
<!ELEMENT prefix (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST prefix
%print-style;
>
<!ELEMENT figure-number (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST figure-number
%print-style;
>
<!ELEMENT suffix (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST suffix
%print-style;
>
<!--
The backup and forward elements are required to coordinate
multiple voices in one part, including music on multiple
staves. The forward element is generally used within voices
and staves, while the backup element is generally used to
move between voices and staves. Thus the backup element
does not include voice or staff elements. Duration values
should always be positive, and should not cross measure
boundaries.
-->
<!ELEMENT backup (duration, %editorial;)>
<!ELEMENT forward
(duration, %editorial-voice;, staff?)>
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Last updated June 19, 2007.