<!--
MusicXML™ attributes.mod module
Version 3.0
Copyright © 2004-2011 Recordare LLC.
http://www.recordare.com/
This MusicXML™ work is being provided by the copyright
holder under the MusicXML Public License Version 3.0,
available from:
http://www.recordare.com/dtds/license.html
-->
<!--
The attributes DTD module contains the attributes element
and its children, such as key and time signatures.
-->
<!-- Entities -->
<!--
The time-separator entity indicates how to display the
arrangement between the beats and beat-type values in a
time signature. The default value is none. The horizontal,
diagonal, and vertical values represent horizontal, diagonal
lower-left to upper-right, and vertical lines respectively.
For these values, the beats and beat-type values are arranged
on either side of the separator line. The none value represents
no separator with the beats and beat-type arranged vertically.
The adjacent value represents no separator with the beats and
beat-type arranged horizontally.
-->
<!ENTITY % time-separator
"separator (none | horizontal | diagonal |
vertical | adjacent) #IMPLIED">
<!--
The time-symbol entity indicates how to display a time
signature. The normal value is the usual fractional display,
and is the implied symbol type if none is specified. Other
options are the common and cut time symbols, as well as a
single number with an implied denominator. The note symbol
indicates that the beat-type should be represented with
the corresponding downstem note rather than a number. The
dotted-note symbol indicates that the beat-type should be
represented with a dotted downstem note that corresponds to
three times the beat-type value, and a numerator that is
one third the beats value.
-->
<!ENTITY % time-symbol
"symbol (common | cut | single-number |
note | dotted-note | normal) #IMPLIED">
<!-- Elements -->
<!--
The attributes element contains musical information that
typically changes on measure boundaries. This includes
key and time signatures, clefs, transpositions, and staving.
When attributes are changed mid-measure, it affects the
music in score order, not in MusicXML document order.
-->
<!ELEMENT attributes (%editorial;, divisions?, key*, time*,
staves?, part-symbol?, instruments?, clef*, staff-details*,
transpose*, directive*, measure-style*)>
<!--
Traditional key signatures are represented by the number
of flats and sharps, plus an optional mode for major/
minor/mode distinctions. Negative numbers are used for
flats and positive numbers for sharps, reflecting the
key's placement within the circle of fifths (hence the
element name). A cancel element indicates that the old
key signature should be cancelled before the new one
appears. This will always happen when changing to C major
or A minor and need not be specified then. The cancel
value matches the fifths value of the cancelled key
signature (e.g., a cancel of -2 will provide an explicit
cancellation for changing from B flat major to F major).
The optional location attribute indicates where a key
signature cancellation appears relative to a new key
signature: to the left, to the right, or before the barline
and to the left. It is left by default. For mid-measure key
elements, a cancel location of before-barline should be
treated like a cancel location of left.
Non-traditional key signatures can be represented using
the Humdrum/Scot concept of a list of altered tones.
The key-step and key-alter elements are represented the
same way as the step and alter elements are in the pitch
element in the note.mod file. The optional key-accidental
element is represented the same way as the accidental
element in the note.mod file. It is used for disambiguating
microtonal accidentals. The different element names
indicate the different meaning of altering notes in a scale
versus altering a sounding pitch.
Valid mode values include major, minor, dorian, phrygian,
lydian, mixolydian, aeolian, ionian, locrian, and none.
The optional number attribute refers to staff numbers,
from top to bottom on the system. If absent, the key
signature applies to all staves in the part.
The optional list of key-octave elements is used to specify
in which octave each element of the key signature appears.
The content specifies the octave value using the same
values as the display-octave element. The number attribute
is a positive integer that refers to the key signature
element in left-to-right order. If the cancel attribute is
set to yes, then this number refers to an element specified
by the cancel element. It is no by default.
Key signatures appear at the start of each system unless
the print-object attribute has been set to "no".
-->
<!ELEMENT key (((cancel?, fifths, mode?) |
((key-step, key-alter, key-accidental?)*)), key-octave*)>
<!ATTLIST key
number CDATA #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%print-object;
>
<!ELEMENT cancel (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST cancel
location (left | right | before-barline) #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT fifths (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT mode (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT key-step (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT key-alter (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT key-accidental (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT key-octave (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST key-octave
number NMTOKEN #REQUIRED
cancel %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
Musical notation duration is commonly represented as
fractions. The divisions element indicates how many
divisions per quarter note are used to indicate a note's
duration. For example, if duration = 1 and divisions = 2,
this is an eighth note duration. Duration and divisions
are used directly for generating sound output, so they
must be chosen to take tuplets into account. Using a
divisions element lets us use just one number to
represent a duration for each note in the score, while
retaining the full power of a fractional representation.
For maximum compatibility with Standard MIDI Files, the
divisions value should not exceed 16383.
-->
<!ELEMENT divisions (#PCDATA)>
<!--
Time signatures are represented by two elements. The
beats element indicates the number of beats, as found in
the numerator of a time signature. The beat-type element
indicates the beat unit, as found in the denominator of
a time signature.
Multiple pairs of beats and beat-type elements are used for
composite time signatures with multiple denominators, such
as 2/4 + 3/8. A composite such as 3+2/8 requires only one
beats/beat-type pair.
The interchangeable element is used to represent the second
in a pair of interchangeable dual time signatures, such as
the 6/8 in 3/4 (6/8). A separate symbol attribute value is
available compared to the time element's symbol attribute,
which applies to the first of the dual time signatures.
The time-relation element indicates the symbol used to
represent the interchangeable aspect of the time signature.
Valid values are parentheses, bracket, equals, slash, space,
and hyphen.
A senza-misura element explicitly indicates that no time
signature is present. The optional element content
indicates the symbol to be used, if any, such as an X.
The time element's symbol attribute is not used when a
senza-misura element is present.
The print-object attribute allows a time signature to be
specified but not printed, as is the case for excerpts
from the middle of a score. The value is "yes" if
not present. The optional number attribute refers to staff
numbers within the part, from top to bottom on the system.
If absent, the time signature applies to all staves in the
part.
-->
<!ELEMENT time
(((beats, beat-type)+, interchangeable?) | senza-misura)>
<!ATTLIST time
number CDATA #IMPLIED
%time-symbol;
%time-separator;
%print-style-align;
%print-object;
>
<!ELEMENT interchangeable (time-relation?, (beats, beat-type)+)>
<!ATTLIST interchangeable
%time-symbol;
%time-separator;
>
<!ELEMENT beats (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT beat-type (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT senza-misura (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT time-relation (#PCDATA)>
<!--
Staves are used if there is more than one staff
represented in the given part (e.g., 2 staves for
typical piano parts). If absent, a value of 1 is assumed.
Staves are ordered from top to bottom in a part in
numerical order, with staff 1 above staff 2.
-->
<!ELEMENT staves (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The part-symbol element indicates how a symbol for a
multi-staff part is indicated in the score. Values include
none, brace, line, bracket, and square; brace is the default.
The top-staff and bottom-staff elements are used when the
brace does not extend across the entire part. For example, in
a 3-staff organ part, the top-staff will typically be 1 for
the right hand, while the bottom-staff will typically be 2
for the left hand. Staff 3 for the pedals is usually outside
the brace. By default, the presence of a part-symbol element
that does not extend across the entire part also indicates a
corresponding change in the common barlines within a part.
-->
<!ELEMENT part-symbol (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST part-symbol
top-staff CDATA #IMPLIED
bottom-staff CDATA #IMPLIED
%position;
%color;
>
<!--
Instruments are only used if more than one instrument is
represented in the part (e.g., oboe I and II where they
play together most of the time). If absent, a value of 1
is assumed.
-->
<!ELEMENT instruments (#PCDATA)>
<!--
Clefs are represented by the sign, line, and
clef-octave-change elements. Sign values include G, F, C,
percussion, TAB, jianpu, and none. Line numbers are
counted from the bottom of the staff. Standard values are
2 for the G sign (treble clef), 4 for the F sign (bass clef),
3 for the C sign (alto clef) and 5 for TAB (on a 6-line
staff). The clef-octave-change element is used for
transposing clefs (e.g., a treble clef for tenors would
have a clef-octave-change value of -1). The optional
number attribute refers to staff numbers within the part,
from top to bottom on the system. A value of 1 is
assumed if not present.
The jianpu sign indicates that the music that follows
should be in jianpu numbered notation, just as the TAB
sign indicates that the music that follows should be in
tablature notation. Unlike TAB, a jianpu sign does not
correspond to a visual clef notation.
Sometimes clefs are added to the staff in non-standard
line positions, either to indicate cue passages, or when
there are multiple clefs present simultaneously on one
staff. In this situation, the additional attribute is set to
"yes" and the line value is ignored. The size attribute
is used for clefs where the additional attribute is "yes".
It is typically used to indicate cue clefs.
Sometimes clefs at the start of a measure need to appear
after the barline rather than before, as for cues or for
use after a repeated section. The after-barline attribute
is set to "yes" in this situation. The attribute is ignored
for mid-measure clefs.
Clefs appear at the start of each system unless the
print-object attribute has been set to "no" or the
additional attribute has been set to "yes".
-->
<!ELEMENT clef (sign, line?, clef-octave-change?)>
<!ATTLIST clef
number CDATA #IMPLIED
additional %yes-no; #IMPLIED
size %symbol-size; #IMPLIED
after-barline %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%print-object;
>
<!ELEMENT sign (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT line (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT clef-octave-change (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The staff-details element is used to indicate different
types of staves. The staff-type element can be ossia,
cue, editorial, regular, or alternate. An alternate staff
indicates one that shares the same musical data as the
prior staff, but displayed differently (e.g., treble and
bass clef, standard notation and tab). The staff-lines
element specifies the number of lines for a non 5-line
staff. The staff-tuning and capo elements are used to
specify tuning when using tablature notation. The optional
number attribute specifies the staff number from top to
bottom on the system, as with clef. The optional show-frets
attribute indicates whether to show tablature frets as
numbers (0, 1, 2) or letters (a, b, c). The default choice
is numbers. The print-object attribute is used to indicate
when a staff is not printed in a part, usually in large
scores where empty parts are omitted. It is yes by default.
If print-spacing is yes while print-object is no, the score
is printed in cutaway format where vertical space is left
for the empty part.
-->
<!ELEMENT staff-details (staff-type?, staff-lines?,
staff-tuning*, capo?, staff-size?)>
<!ATTLIST staff-details
number CDATA #IMPLIED
show-frets (numbers | letters) #IMPLIED
%print-object;
%print-spacing;
>
<!ELEMENT staff-type (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT staff-lines (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The tuning-step, tuning-alter, and tuning-octave
elements are defined in the common.mod file. Staff
lines are numbered from bottom to top.
-->
<!ELEMENT staff-tuning
(tuning-step, tuning-alter?, tuning-octave)>
<!ATTLIST staff-tuning
line CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!--
The capo element indicates at which fret a capo should
be placed on a fretted instrument. This changes the
open tuning of the strings specified by staff-tuning
by the specified number of half-steps.
-->
<!ELEMENT capo (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The staff-size element indicates how large a staff
space is on this staff, expressed as a percentage of
the work's default scaling. Values less than 100 make
the staff space smaller while values over 100 make the
staff space larger. A staff-type of cue, ossia, or
editorial implies a staff-size of less than 100, but
the exact value is implementation-dependent unless
specified here. Staff size affects staff height only,
not the relationship of the staff to the left and
right margins.
-->
<!ELEMENT staff-size (#PCDATA)>
<!--
If the part is being encoded for a transposing instrument
in written vs. concert pitch, the transposition must be
encoded in the transpose element. The transpose element
represents what must be added to the written pitch to get
the correct sounding pitch.
The transposition is represented by chromatic steps
(required) and three optional elements: diatonic pitch
steps, octave changes, and doubling an octave down. The
chromatic and octave-change elements are numeric values
added to the encoded pitch data to create the sounding
pitch. The diatonic element is also numeric and allows
for correct spelling of enharmonic transpositions.
The optional number attribute refers to staff numbers,
from top to bottom on the system. If absent, the
transposition applies to all staves in the part. Per-staff
transposition is most often used in parts that represent
multiple instruments.
-->
<!ELEMENT transpose
(diatonic?, chromatic, octave-change?, double?)>
<!ATTLIST transpose
number CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT diatonic (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT chromatic (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT octave-change (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT double EMPTY>
<!--
Directives are like directions, but can be grouped together
with attributes for convenience. This is typically used for
tempo markings at the beginning of a piece of music. This
element has been deprecated in Version 2.0 in favor of
the directive attribute for direction elements. Language
names come from ISO 639, with optional country subcodes
from ISO 3166.
-->
<!ELEMENT directive (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST directive
%print-style;
xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
>
<!--
A measure-style indicates a special way to print partial
to multiple measures within a part. This includes multiple
rests over several measures, repeats of beats, single, or
multiple measures, and use of slash notation.
The multiple-rest and measure-repeat symbols indicate the
number of measures covered in the element content. The
beat-repeat and slash elements can cover partial measures.
All but the multiple-rest element use a type attribute to
indicate starting and stopping the use of the style. The
optional number attribute specifies the staff number from
top to bottom on the system, as with clef.
-->
<!ELEMENT measure-style (multiple-rest |
measure-repeat | beat-repeat | slash)>
<!ATTLIST measure-style
number CDATA #IMPLIED
%font;
%color;
>
<!--
The slash-type and slash-dot elements are optional children
of the beat-repeat and slash elements. They have the same
values as the type and dot elements, and define what the
beat is for the display of repetition marks. If not present,
the beat is based on the current time signature.
-->
<!ELEMENT slash-type (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT slash-dot EMPTY>
<!--
The text of the multiple-rest element indicates the number
of measures in the multiple rest. Multiple rests may use
the 1-bar / 2-bar / 4-bar rest symbols, or a single shape.
The use-symbols attribute indicates which to use; it is no
if not specified.
-->
<!ELEMENT multiple-rest (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST multiple-rest
use-symbols %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
The measure-repeat and beat-repeat element specify a
notation style for repetitions. The actual music being
repeated needs to be repeated within the MusicXML file.
These elements specify the notation that indicates the
repeat.
-->
<!--
The measure-repeat element is used for both single and
multiple measure repeats. The text of the element indicates
the number of measures to be repeated in a single pattern.
The slashes attribute specifies the number of slashes to
use in the repeat sign. It is 1 if not specified. Both the
start and the stop of the measure-repeat must be specified.
-->
<!ELEMENT measure-repeat (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST measure-repeat
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
slashes NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
>
<!--
The beat-repeat element is used to indicate that a single
beat (but possibly many notes) is repeated. Both the start
and stop of the beat being repeated should be specified.
The slashes attribute specifies the number of slashes to
use in the symbol. The use-dots attribute indicates whether
or not to use dots as well (for instance, with mixed rhythm
patterns). By default, the value for slashes is 1 and the
value for use-dots is no.
-->
<!ELEMENT beat-repeat ((slash-type, slash-dot*)?)>
<!ATTLIST beat-repeat
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
slashes NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
use-dots %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
The slash element is used to indicate that slash notation
is to be used. If the slash is on every beat, use-stems is
no (the default). To indicate rhythms but not pitches,
use-stems is set to yes. The type attribute indicates
whether this is the start or stop of a slash notation
style. The use-dots attribute works as for the beat-repeat
element, and only has effect if use-stems is no.
-->
<!ELEMENT slash ((slash-type, slash-dot*)?)>
<!ATTLIST slash
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
use-dots %yes-no; #IMPLIED
use-stems %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
