<!--
MusicXML™ note.mod module
Version 3.0
Copyright © 2004-2011 Recordare LLC.
http://www.recordare.com/
This MusicXML™ work is being provided by the copyright
holder under the MusicXML Public License Version 3.0,
available from:
http://www.recordare.com/dtds/license.html
-->
<!--
The note DTD module contains the note representations for
the MusicXML format. It contains the note element, all its
children elements, and related entities.
-->
<!-- Entities -->
<!-- Structures -->
<!--
The common note elements between cue/grace notes and
regular (full) notes: pitch, chord, and rest information,
but not duration (cue and grace notes do not have
duration encoded here). Unpitched elements are used for
unpitched percussion, speaking voice, and other musical
elements lacking determinate pitch.
-->
<!ENTITY % full-note "(chord?, (pitch | unpitched | rest))">
<!-- Elements -->
<!--
Notes are the most common type of MusicXML data. The
MusicXML format keeps the MuseData distinction between
elements used for sound information and elements used for
notation information (e.g., tie is used for sound, tied for
notation). Thus grace notes do not have a duration element.
Cue notes have a duration element, as do forward elements,
but no tie elements. Having these two types of information
available can make interchange considerably easier, as
some programs handle one type of information much more
readily than the other.
-->
<!ELEMENT note
(((grace, %full-note;, (tie, tie?)?) |
(cue, %full-note;, duration) |
(%full-note;, duration, (tie, tie?)?)),
instrument?, %editorial-voice;, type?, dot*,
accidental?, time-modification?, stem?, notehead?,
notehead-text?, staff?, beam*, notations*, lyric*, play?)>
<!--
The position and printout entities for printing suggestions
are defined in the common.mod file.
The dynamics and end-dynamics attributes correspond to
MIDI 1.0's Note On and Note Off velocities, respectively.
They are expressed in terms of percentages of the default
forte value (90 for MIDI 1.0). The attack and release
attributes are used to alter the starting and stopping time
of the note from when it would otherwise occur based on
the flow of durations - information that is specific to a
performance. They are expressed in terms of divisions,
either positive or negative. A note that starts a tie should
not have a release attribute, and a note that stops a tie
should not have an attack attribute. If a note is played
only particular times through a repeat, the time-only entity
shows which times to play the note. The pizzicato attribute
is used when just this note is sounded pizzicato, vs. the
pizzicato element which changes overall playback between
pizzicato and arco.
-->
<!ATTLIST note
%print-style;
%printout;
dynamics CDATA #IMPLIED
end-dynamics CDATA #IMPLIED
attack CDATA #IMPLIED
release CDATA #IMPLIED
%time-only;
pizzicato %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
Pitch is represented as a combination of the step of the
diatonic scale, the chromatic alteration, and the octave.
The step element uses the English letters A through G.
The alter element represents chromatic alteration in
number of semitones (e.g., -1 for flat, 1 for sharp).
Decimal values like 0.5 (quarter tone sharp) are
used for microtones. The octave element is represented
by the numbers 0 to 9, where 4 indicates the octave
started by middle C.
-->
<!ELEMENT pitch (step, alter?, octave)>
<!ELEMENT step (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT alter (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT octave (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The cue and grace elements indicate the presence of cue and
grace notes. The slash attribute for a grace note is yes for
slashed eighth notes. The other grace note attributes come
from MuseData sound suggestions. The steal-time-previous
attribute indicates the percentage of time to steal from the
previous note for the grace note. The steal-time-following
attribute indicates the percentage of time to steal from the
following note for the grace note, as for appoggiaturas. The
make-time attribute indicates to make time, not steal time;
the units are in real-time divisions for the grace note.
-->
<!ELEMENT cue EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT grace EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST grace
steal-time-previous CDATA #IMPLIED
steal-time-following CDATA #IMPLIED
make-time CDATA #IMPLIED
slash %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
The chord element indicates that this note is an additional
chord tone with the preceding note. The duration of this
note can be no longer than the preceding note. In MuseData,
a missing duration indicates the same length as the previous
note, but the MusicXML format requires a duration for chord
notes too.
-->
<!ELEMENT chord EMPTY>
<!--
The unpitched element indicates musical elements that are
notated on the staff but lack definite pitch, such as
unpitched percussion and speaking voice. Like notes, it
uses step and octave elements to indicate placement on the
staff, following the current clef. If percussion clef is
used, the display-step and display-octave elements are
interpreted as if in treble clef, with a G in octave 4 on
line 2. If not present, the note is placed on the middle
line of the staff, generally used for a one-line staff.
-->
<!ELEMENT unpitched ((display-step, display-octave)?)>
<!ELEMENT display-step (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT display-octave (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The rest element indicates notated rests or silences. Rest
elements are usually empty, but placement on the staff can
be specified using display-step and display-octave
elements. If the measure attribute is set to yes, it
indicates this is a complete measure rest.
-->
<!ELEMENT rest ((display-step, display-octave)?)>
<!ATTLIST rest
measure %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
Duration is a positive number specified in division units.
This is the intended duration vs. notated duration (for
instance, swing eighths vs. even eighths, or differences
in dotted notes in Baroque-era music). Differences in
duration specific to an interpretation or performance
should use the note element's attack and release
attributes.
The tie element indicates that a tie begins or ends with
this note. If the tie element applies only particular times
through a repeat, the time-only attribute indicates which
times to apply it. The tie element indicates sound; the tied
element indicates notation.
-->
<!ELEMENT duration (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT tie EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tie
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
%time-only;
>
<!--
If multiple score-instruments are specified on a
score-part, there should be an instrument element for
each note in the part. The id attribute is an IDREF back
to the score-instrument ID.
-->
<!ELEMENT instrument EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST instrument
id IDREF #REQUIRED
>
<!--
Type indicates the graphic note type, Valid values (from
shortest to longest) are 1024th, 512th, 256th, 128th,
64th, 32nd, 16th, eighth, quarter, half, whole, breve,
long, and maxima. The size attribute indicates full, cue,
or large size, with full the default for regular notes and
cue the default for cue and grace notes.
-->
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST type
size %symbol-size; #IMPLIED
>
<!--
One dot element is used for each dot of prolongation.
The placement element is used to specify whether the
dot should appear above or below the staff line. It is
ignored for notes that appear on a staff space.
-->
<!ELEMENT dot EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST dot
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Actual notated accidentals. Valid values include: sharp,
natural, flat, double-sharp, sharp-sharp, flat-flat,
natural-sharp, natural-flat, quarter-flat, quarter-sharp,
three-quarters-flat, three-quarters-sharp, sharp-down,
sharp-up, natural-down, natural-up, flat-down, flat-up,
triple-sharp, triple-flat, slash-quarter-sharp,
slash-sharp, slash-flat, double-slash-flat, sharp-1,
sharp-2, sharp-3, sharp-5, flat-1, flat-2, flat-3,
flat-4, sori, and koron.
The quarter- and three-quarters- accidentals are
Tartini-style quarter-tone accidentals. The -down and -up
accidentals are quarter-tone accidentals that include
arrows pointing down or up. The slash- accidentals
are used in Turkish classical music. The numbered
sharp and flat accidentals are superscripted versions
of the accidental signs, used in Turkish folk music.
The sori and koron accidentals are microtonal sharp and
flat accidentals used in Iranian and Persian music.
Editorial and cautionary indications are indicated
by attributes. Values for these attributes are "no" if not
present. Specific graphic display such as parentheses,
brackets, and size are controlled by the level-display
entity defined in the common.mod file.
-->
<!ELEMENT accidental (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST accidental
cautionary %yes-no; #IMPLIED
editorial %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%level-display;
%print-style;
>
<!--
Time modification indicates tuplets, double-note tremolos,
and other durational changes. A time-modification element
shows how the cumulative, sounding effect of tuplets and
double-note tremolos compare to the written note type
represented by the type and dot elements. The child elements
are defined in the common.mod file. Nested tuplets and other
notations that use more detailed information need both the
time-modification and tuplet elements to be represented
accurately.
-->
<!ELEMENT time-modification
(actual-notes, normal-notes, (normal-type, normal-dot*)?)>
<!--
Stems can be down, up, none, or double. For down and up
stems, the position attributes can be used to specify
stem length. The relative values specify the end of the
stem relative to the program default. Default values
specify an absolute end stem position. Negative values of
relative-y that would flip a stem instead of shortening
it are ignored. A stem element associated with a rest
refers to a stemlet.
-->
<!ELEMENT stem (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST stem
%position;
%color;
>
<!--
The notehead element indicates shapes other than the open
and closed ovals associated with note durations. The element
value can be slash, triangle, diamond, square, cross, x,
circle-x, inverted triangle, arrow down, arrow up, slashed,
back slashed, normal, cluster, circle dot, left triangle,
rectangle, or none. For shape note music, the element values
do, re, mi, fa, fa up, so, la, and ti are also used,
corresponding to Aikin's 7-shape system. The fa up shape is
typically used with upstems; the fa shape is typically used
with downstems or no stems.
The arrow shapes differ from triangle and inverted triangle
by being centered on the stem. Slashed and back slashed
notes include both the normal notehead and a slash. The
triangle shape has the tip of the triangle pointing up;
the inverted triangle shape has the tip of the triangle
pointing down. The left triangle shape is a right triangle
with the hypotenuse facing up and to the left.
For the enclosed shapes, the default is to be hollow for
half notes and longer, and filled otherwise. The filled
attribute can be set to change this if needed.
If the parentheses attribute is set to yes, the notehead
is parenthesized. It is no by default.
The notehead-text element indicates text that is displayed
inside a notehead, as is done in some educational music.
It is not needed for the numbers used in tablature or jianpu
notation. The presence of a TAB or jianpu clefs is sufficient
to indicate that numbers are used. The display-text and
accidental-text elements allow display of fully formatted
text and accidentals.
-->
<!ELEMENT notehead (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST notehead
filled %yes-no; #IMPLIED
parentheses %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%font;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT notehead-text
((display-text | accidental-text)+)>
<!--
Beam types include begin, continue, end, forward hook, and
backward hook. Up to eight concurrent beams are available to
cover up to 1024th notes, using an enumerated type defined
in the common.mod file. Each beam in a note is represented
with a separate beam element, starting with the eighth note
beam using a number attribute of 1.
Note that the beam number does not distinguish sets of
beams that overlap, as it does for slur and other elements.
Beaming groups are distinguished by being in different
voices and/or the presence or absence of grace and cue
elements.
Beams that have a begin value can also have a fan attribute to
indicate accelerandos and ritardandos using fanned beams. The
fan attribute may also be used with a continue value if the
fanning direction changes on that note. The value is "none"
if not specified.
The repeater attribute has been deprecated in MusicXML 3.0.
Formerly used for tremolos, it needs to be specified with a
"yes" value for each beam using it.
-->
<!ELEMENT beam (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST beam
number %beam-level; "1"
repeater %yes-no; #IMPLIED
fan (accel | rit | none) #IMPLIED
%color;
>
<!--
Notations are musical notations, not XML notations. Multiple
notations are allowed in order to represent multiple editorial
levels. The print-object attribute, added in Version 3.0,
allows notations to represent details of performance technique,
such as fingerings, without having them appear in the score.
-->
<!ELEMENT notations
(%editorial;,
(tied | slur | tuplet | glissando | slide |
ornaments | technical | articulations | dynamics |
fermata | arpeggiate | non-arpeggiate |
accidental-mark | other-notation)*)>
<!ATTLIST notations
%print-object;
>
<!--
The tied element represents the notated tie. The tie element
represents the tie sound.
The number attribute is rarely needed to disambiguate ties,
since note pitches will usually suffice. The attribute is
implied rather than defaulting to 1 as with most elements.
It is available for use in more complex tied notation
situations.
-->
<!ELEMENT tied EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tied
type %start-stop-continue; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%position;
%placement;
%orientation;
%bezier;
%color;
>
<!--
Slur elements are empty. Most slurs are represented with
two elements: one with a start type, and one with a stop
type. Slurs can add more elements using a continue type.
This is typically used to specify the formatting of cross-
system slurs, or to specify the shape of very complex slurs.
-->
<!ELEMENT slur EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST slur
type %start-stop-continue; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%position;
%placement;
%orientation;
%bezier;
%color;
>
<!--
A tuplet element is present when a tuplet is to be displayed
graphically, in addition to the sound data provided by the
time-modification elements. The number attribute is used to
distinguish nested tuplets. The bracket attribute is used
to indicate the presence of a bracket. If unspecified, the
results are implementation-dependent. The line-shape
attribute is used to specify whether the bracket is straight
or in the older curved or slurred style. It is straight by
default.
Whereas a time-modification element shows how the cumulative,
sounding effect of tuplets and double-note tremolos compare to
the written note type, the tuplet element describes how this
is displayed. The tuplet element also provides more detailed
representation information than the time-modification element,
and is needed to represent nested tuplets and other complex
tuplets accurately. The tuplet-actual and tuplet-normal
elements provide optional full control over tuplet
specifications. Each allows the number and note type
(including dots) describing a single tuplet. If any of
these elements are absent, their values are based on the
time-modification element.
The show-number attribute is used to display either the
number of actual notes, the number of both actual and
normal notes, or neither. It is actual by default. The
show-type attribute is used to display either the actual
type, both the actual and normal types, or neither. It is
none by default.
-->
<!ELEMENT tuplet (tuplet-actual?, tuplet-normal?)>
<!ATTLIST tuplet
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
bracket %yes-no; #IMPLIED
show-number (actual | both | none) #IMPLIED
show-type (actual | both | none) #IMPLIED
%line-shape;
%position;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-actual (tuplet-number?,
tuplet-type?, tuplet-dot*)>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-normal (tuplet-number?,
tuplet-type?, tuplet-dot*)>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-number (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tuplet-number
%font;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-type (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tuplet-type
%font;
%color;
>
<!ELEMENT tuplet-dot EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tuplet-dot
%font;
%color;
>
<!--
Glissando and slide elements both indicate rapidly moving
from one pitch to the other so that individual notes are not
discerned. The distinction is similar to that between NIFF's
glissando and portamento elements. A glissando sounds the
half notes in between the slide and defaults to a wavy line.
A slide is continuous between two notes and defaults to a
solid line. The optional text for a glissando or slide is
printed alongside the line.
-->
<!ELEMENT glissando (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST glissando
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%print-style;
>
<!ELEMENT slide (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST slide
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%print-style;
%bend-sound;
>
<!--
The other-notation element is used to define any notations
not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows extended
representation, though without application interoperability.
It handles notations where more specific extension elements
such as other-dynamics and other-technical are not
appropriate.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-notation (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-notation
type %start-stop-single; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%print-object;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Ornaments can be any of several types, followed optionally
by accidentals. The accidental-mark element's content is
represented the same as an accidental element, but with a
different name to reflect the different musical meaning.
-->
<!ELEMENT ornaments
(((trill-mark | turn | delayed-turn | inverted-turn |
delayed-inverted-turn | vertical-turn | shake |
wavy-line | mordent | inverted-mordent | schleifer |
tremolo | other-ornament), accidental-mark*)*)>
<!ELEMENT trill-mark EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST trill-mark
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!--
The turn and delayed-turn elements are the normal turn
shape which goes up then down. The inverted-turn and
delayed-inverted-turn elements have the shape which goes
down and then up. The delayed-turn and delayed-inverted-turn
elements indicate turns that are delayed until the end of the
current note. The vertical-turn element has the shape
arranged vertically going from upper left to lower right.
If the slash attribute is yes, then a vertical line is used
to slash the turn; it is no by default.
-->
<!ELEMENT turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
slash %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT delayed-turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST delayed-turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
slash %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT inverted-turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST inverted-turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
slash %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT delayed-inverted-turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST delayed-inverted-turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
slash %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT vertical-turn EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST vertical-turn
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT shake EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST shake
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!--
The wavy-line element is defined in the common.mod file,
as it applies to more than just note elements.
-->
<!--
The long attribute for the mordent and inverted-mordent
elements is "no" by default. The mordent element represents
the sign with the vertical line; the inverted-mordent
element represents the sign without the vertical line.
The approach and departure attributes are used for compound
ornaments, indicating how the beginning and ending of the
ornament look relative to the main part of the mordent.
-->
<!ELEMENT mordent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST mordent
long %yes-no; #IMPLIED
approach %above-below; #IMPLIED
departure %above-below; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT inverted-mordent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST inverted-mordent
long %yes-no; #IMPLIED
approach %above-below; #IMPLIED
departure %above-below; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
%trill-sound;
>
<!--
The name for this ornament is based on the German,
to avoid confusion with the more common slide element
defined earlier.
-->
<!ELEMENT schleifer EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST schleifer
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The tremolo ornament can be used to indicate either
single-note or double-note tremolos. Single-note tremolos
use the single type, while double-note tremolos use the
start and stop types. The default is "single" for
compatibility with Version 1.1. The text of the element
indicates the number of tremolo marks and is an integer
from 0 to 8. Note that the number of attached beams is
not included in this value, but is represented separately
using the beam element.
When using double-note tremolos, the duration of each note
in the tremolo should correspond to half of the notated type
value. A time-modification element should also be added with
an actual-notes value of 2 and a normal-notes value of 1. If
used within a tuplet, this 2/1 ratio should be multiplied by
the existing tuplet ratio.
Using repeater beams for indicating tremolos is deprecated as
of MusicXML 3.0.
-->
<!ELEMENT tremolo (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tremolo
type %start-stop-single; "single"
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The other-ornament element is used to define any ornaments
not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows extended
representation, though without application interoperability.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-ornament (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-ornament
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
An accidental-mark can be used as a separate notation or
as part of an ornament. When used in an ornament, position
and placement are relative to the ornament, not relative to
the note.
-->
<!ELEMENT accidental-mark (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST accidental-mark
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Technical indications give performance information for
individual instruments.
-->
<!ELEMENT technical
((up-bow | down-bow | harmonic | open-string |
thumb-position | fingering | pluck | double-tongue |
triple-tongue | stopped | snap-pizzicato | fret |
string | hammer-on | pull-off | bend | tap | heel |
toe | fingernails | hole | arrow | handbell |
other-technical)*)>
<!--
The up-bow element represents the symbol that is used both
for up-bowing on bowed instruments, and up-stroke on plucked
instruments.
-->
<!ELEMENT up-bow EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST up-bow
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The down-bow element represents the symbol that is used both
for down-bowing on bowed instruments, and down-stroke on
plucked instruments.
-->
<!ELEMENT down-bow EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST down-bow
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The harmonic element indicates natural and artificial
harmonics. Natural harmonics usually notate the base
pitch rather than the sounding pitch. Allowing the type
of pitch to be specified, combined with controls for
appearance/playback differences, allows both the notation
and the sound to be represented. Artificial harmonics can
add a notated touching-pitch; the pitch or fret at which
the string is touched lightly to produce the harmonic.
Artificial pinch harmonics will usually not notate a
touching pitch. The attributes for the harmonic element
refer to the use of the circular harmonic symbol, typically
but not always used with natural harmonics.
-->
<!ELEMENT harmonic
((natural | artificial)?,
(base-pitch | touching-pitch | sounding-pitch)?)>
<!ATTLIST harmonic
%print-object;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT natural EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT artificial EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT base-pitch EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT touching-pitch EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT sounding-pitch EMPTY>
<!--
The open-string element represents the zero-shaped
open string symbol.
-->
<!ELEMENT open-string EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST open-string
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The thumb-position element represents the thumb position
symbol. This is a circle with a line, where the line does
not come within the circle. It is distinct from the snap
pizzicato symbol, where the line comes inside the circle.
-->
<!ELEMENT thumb-position EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST thumb-position
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The pluck element is used to specify the plucking fingering
on a fretted instrument, where the fingering element refers
to the fretting fingering. Typical values are p, i, m, a for
pulgar/thumb, indicio/index, medio/middle, and anular/ring
fingers.
-->
<!ELEMENT pluck (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST pluck
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The double-tongue element represents the double tongue symbol
(two dots arranged horizontally).
-->
<!ELEMENT double-tongue EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST double-tongue
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The triple-tongue element represents the triple tongue symbol
(three dots arranged horizontally).
-->
<!ELEMENT triple-tongue EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST triple-tongue
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The stopped element represents the stopped symbol, which looks
like a plus sign.
-->
<!ELEMENT stopped EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST stopped
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The snap-pizzicato element represents the snap pizzicato
symbol. This is a circle with a line, where the line comes
inside the circle. It is distinct from the thumb-position
symbol, where the line does not come inside the circle.
-->
<!ELEMENT snap-pizzicato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST snap-pizzicato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The hammer-on and pull-off elements are used in guitar
and fretted instrument notation. Since a single slur
can be marked over many notes, the hammer-on and pull-off
elements are separate so the individual pair of notes can
be specified. The element content can be used to specify
how the hammer-on or pull-off should be notated. An empty
element leaves this choice up to the application.
-->
<!ELEMENT hammer-on (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST hammer-on
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT pull-off (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST pull-off
type %start-stop; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; "1"
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The bend element is used in guitar and tablature. The
bend-alter element indicates the number of steps in the
bend, similar to the alter element. As with the alter
element, numbers like 0.5 can be used to indicate
microtones. Negative numbers indicate pre-bends or
releases; the pre-bend and release elements are used
to distinguish what is intended. A with-bar element
indicates that the bend is to be done at the bridge
with a whammy or vibrato bar. The content of the
element indicates how this should be notated.
-->
<!ELEMENT bend
(bend-alter, (pre-bend | release)?, with-bar?)>
<!ATTLIST bend
%print-style;
%bend-sound;
>
<!ELEMENT bend-alter (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT pre-bend EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT release EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT with-bar (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST with-bar
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The tap element indicates a tap on the fretboard. The
element content allows specification of the notation;
+ and T are common choices. If empty, the display is
application-specific.
-->
<!ELEMENT tap (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST tap
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The heel and toe element are used with organ pedals. The
substitution value is "no" if the attribute is not present.
-->
<!ELEMENT heel EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST heel
substitution %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT toe EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST toe
substitution %yes-no; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The fingernails element is used in notation for harp and
other plucked string instruments.
-->
<!ELEMENT fingernails EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST fingernails
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The hole element represents the symbols used for woodwind
and brass fingerings as well as other notations. The content
of the optional hole-type element indicates what the hole
symbol represents in terms of instrument fingering or other
techniques. The hole-closed element represents whether the
hole is closed, open, or half-open. Valid element values are
yes, no, and half. The optional location attribute indicates
which portion of the hole is filled in when the element value
is half. The optional hole-shape element indicates the shape
of the hole symbol; the default is a circle.
-->
<!ELEMENT hole (hole-type?, hole-closed, hole-shape?)>
<!ATTLIST hole
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT hole-type (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hole-closed (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST hole-closed
location (right | bottom | left | top) #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT hole-shape (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The arrow element represents an arrow used for a musical
technical indication. Straight arrows are represented with
an arrow-direction element and an optional arrow-style
element. Circular arrows are represented with a
circular-arrow element. Descriptive values use Unicode
arrow terminology.
Values for the arrow-direction element are left, up, right,
down, northwest, northeast, southeast, southwest, left right,
up down, northwest southeast, northeast southwest, and other.
Values for the arrow-style element are single, double,
filled, hollow, paired, combined, and other. Filled and
hollow arrows indicate polygonal single arrows. Paired
arrows are duplicate single arrows in the same direction.
Combined arrows apply to double direction arrows like
left right, indicating that an arrow in one direction
should be combined with an arrow in the other direction.
Values for the circular-arrow element are clockwise and
anticlockwise.
-->
<!ELEMENT arrow
((arrow-direction, arrow-style?) | circular-arrow)>
<!ATTLIST arrow
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT arrow-direction (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT arrow-style (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT circular-arrow (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The handbell element represents notation for various
techniques used in handbell and handchime music. Valid
values are damp, echo, gyro, hand martellato, mallet lift,
mallet table, martellato, martellato lift,
muted martellato, pluck lift, and swing.
-->
<!ELEMENT handbell (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST handbell
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The other-technical element is used to define any technical
indications not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows
extended representation, though without application
interoperability.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-technical (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-technical
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
Articulations and accents are grouped together here.
-->
<!ELEMENT articulations
((accent | strong-accent | staccato | tenuto |
detached-legato | staccatissimo | spiccato |
scoop | plop | doit | falloff | breath-mark |
caesura | stress | unstress | other-articulation)*)>
<!ELEMENT accent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST accent
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT strong-accent EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST strong-accent
%print-style;
%placement;
type %up-down; "up"
>
<!--
The staccato element is used for a dot articulation, as
opposed to a stroke or a wedge.
-->
<!ELEMENT staccato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST staccato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT tenuto EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST tenuto
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT detached-legato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST detached-legato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The staccatissimo element is used for a wedge articulation,
as opposed to a dot or a stroke.
-->
<!ELEMENT staccatissimo EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST staccatissimo
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The spiccato element is used for a stroke articulation, as
opposed to a dot or a wedge.
-->
<!ELEMENT spiccato EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST spiccato
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The scoop, plop, doit, and falloff elements are
indeterminate slides attached to a single note.
Scoops and plops come before the main note, coming
from below and above the pitch, respectively. Doits
and falloffs come after the main note, going above
and below the pitch, respectively.
-->
<!ELEMENT scoop EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST scoop
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT plop EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST plop
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT doit EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST doit
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT falloff EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST falloff
%line-shape;
%line-type;
%dashed-formatting;
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The breath-mark element may have a text value to
indicate the symbol used for the mark. Valid values are
comma, tick, and an empty string.
-->
<!ELEMENT breath-mark (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST breath-mark
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT caesura EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST caesura
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT stress EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST stress
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!ELEMENT unstress EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST unstress
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The other-articulation element is used to define any
articulations not yet in the MusicXML format. This allows
extended representation, though without application
interoperability.
-->
<!ELEMENT other-articulation (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST other-articulation
%print-style;
%placement;
>
<!--
The dynamics and fermata elements are defined in the
common.mod file as they apply to more than just note
elements.
-->
<!--
The arpeggiate element indicates that this note is part of
an arpeggiated chord. The number attribute can be used to
distinguish between two simultaneous chords arpeggiated
separately (different numbers) or together (same number).
The up-down attribute is used if there is an arrow on the
arpeggio sign. By default, arpeggios go from the lowest to
highest note.
-->
<!ELEMENT arpeggiate EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST arpeggiate
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
direction %up-down; #IMPLIED
%position;
%placement;
%color;
>
<!--
The non-arpeggiate element indicates that this note is at
the top or bottom of a bracket indicating to not arpeggiate
these notes. Since this does not involve playback, it is
only used on the top or bottom notes, not on each note
as for the arpeggiate element.
-->
<!ELEMENT non-arpeggiate EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST non-arpeggiate
type %top-bottom; #REQUIRED
number %number-level; #IMPLIED
%position;
%placement;
%color;
>
<!--
Text underlays for lyrics, based on Humdrum with support
for other formats. The lyric number indicates multiple
lines, though a name can be used as well (as in Finale's
verse/chorus/section specification). Word extensions are
represented using the extend element. Hyphenation is
indicated by the syllabic element, which can be single,
begin, end, or middle. These represent single-syllable
words, word-beginning syllables, word-ending syllables,
and mid-word syllables. Multiple syllables on a single
note are separated by elision elements. A hyphen in the
text element should only be used for an actual hyphenated
word. Two text elements that are not separated by an
elision element are part of the same syllable, but may have
different text formatting.
Humming and laughing representations are taken from
Humdrum. The end-line and end-paragraph elements come
from RP-017 for Standard MIDI File Lyric meta-events;
they help facilitate lyric display for Karaoke and
similar applications. Language names for text elements
come from ISO 639, with optional country subcodes from
ISO 3166. Justification is center by default; placement is
below by default. The print-object attribute can override
a note's print-lyric attribute in cases where only some
lyrics on a note are printed, as when lyrics for later verses
are printed in a block of text rather than with each note.
-->
<!ELEMENT lyric
((((syllabic?, text),
(elision?, syllabic?, text)*, extend?) |
extend | laughing | humming),
end-line?, end-paragraph?, %editorial;)>
<!ATTLIST lyric
number NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
name CDATA #IMPLIED
%justify;
%position;
%placement;
%color;
%print-object;
>
<!ELEMENT text (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST text
%font;
%color;
%text-decoration;
%text-rotation;
%letter-spacing;
xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
%text-direction;
>
<!ELEMENT syllabic (#PCDATA)>
<!--
The elision element text specifies the symbol used to
display the elision. Common values are a no-break space
(Unicode 00A0), an underscore (Unicode 005F), or an undertie
(Unicode 203F).
-->
<!ELEMENT elision (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST elision
%font;
%color;
>
<!--
The extend element represents lyric word extension /
melisma lines as well as figured bass extensions. The
optional type and position attributes are added in
Version 3.0 to provide better formatting control.
-->
<!ELEMENT extend EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST extend
type %start-stop-continue; #IMPLIED
%print-style;
>
<!ELEMENT laughing EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT humming EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT end-line EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT end-paragraph EMPTY>
<!--
Figured bass elements take their position from the first
regular note (not a grace note or chord note) that follows
in score order. The optional duration element is used to
indicate changes of figures under a note.
Figures are ordered from top to bottom. A figure-number is a
number. Values for prefix and suffix include the accidental
values sharp, flat, natural, double-sharp, flat-flat, and
sharp-sharp. Suffixes include both symbols that come after
the figure number and those that overstrike the figure number.
The suffix value slash is used for slashed numbers indicating
chromatic alteration. The orientation and display of the slash
usually depends on the figure number. The prefix and suffix
elements may contain additional values for symbols specific
to particular figured bass styles. The value of parentheses
is "no" if not present.
-->
<!ELEMENT figured-bass (figure+, duration?, %editorial;)>
<!ATTLIST figured-bass
%print-style;
%printout;
parentheses %yes-no; #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT figure (prefix?, figure-number?, suffix?, extend?)>
<!ELEMENT prefix (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST prefix
%print-style;
>
<!ELEMENT figure-number (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST figure-number
%print-style;
>
<!ELEMENT suffix (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST suffix
%print-style;
>
<!--
The backup and forward elements are required to coordinate
multiple voices in one part, including music on multiple
staves. The forward element is generally used within voices
and staves, while the backup element is generally used to
move between voices and staves. Thus the backup element
does not include voice or staff elements. Duration values
should always be positive, and should not cross measure
boundaries or mid-measure changes in the divisions value.
-->
<!ELEMENT backup (duration, %editorial;)>
<!ELEMENT forward
(duration, %editorial-voice;, staff?)>
